When are formative assessments typically conducted?

• A. At the end of a course
• B. Throughout the learning process
• C. Only at the beginning of a course
• D. During high-stakes testing periods

Answer: (B)

Formative assessments are typically conducted throughout the learning process to monitor student progress and understanding. These assessments are designed to provide ongoing feedback to both students and instructors, allowing for adjustments in teaching strategies and learning activities as necessary. The goal of formative assessment is to enhance learning by identifying areas where students may struggle, thereby enabling timely interventions.

In contrast to summative assessments, which are given at the end of a course to evaluate overall learning, formative assessments focus on the learning journey itself. They can take many forms, including quizzes, discussions, peer reviews, and assignments, and are integrated into the day-to-day learning experience. This continuous feedback loop supports both teaching and learning by informing instruction and helping students take ownership of their learning.