What type of scoring is designed to compare test-takers to each other?

• A. Criterion-referenced scoring
• B. Norm-referenced scoring
• C. Peer-referenced scoring
• D. Standardized scoring

Answer: (B)

Norm-referenced scoring is a method that evaluates a test-taker's performance in relation to the performances of a group, often referred to as the "norm group." This type of scoring establishes a baseline for comparison, allowing individuals' scores to be interpreted based on how they rank among their peers.

For instance, if a test is norm-referenced, the scoring could show which percentage of test-takers achieved a certain score, such as determining whether an individual scored in the top 25th percentile. This comparison helps identify how well a test-taker performed relative to others who took the same test, making it useful in various educational and psychological assessments.

In contrast, criterion-referenced scoring focuses on measuring whether test-takers meet predefined criteria or benchmarks, regardless of the performances of others. Peer-referenced and standardized scoring are not commonly defined categories in standardized testing; thus, they wouldn't accurately describe a scoring system primarily aimed at comparative assessment.