What is the purpose of standard deviation in test scores?

• A. To determine the mean score
• B. To indicate how much scores deviate from the mean
• C. To compare individual scores
• D. To set a passing score

Answer: (B)

The purpose of standard deviation in test scores is to indicate how much scores deviate from the mean. Standard deviation provides insight into the spread of the scores around the average score (mean) within a dataset. It quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion present in a set of scores. A low standard deviation suggests that the scores tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the scores are spread out over a wider range. This measure is crucial for understanding the reliability of the test results and assessing the consistency of the scores among the test-takers, making it a fundamental concept in statistics.

In practical terms, knowing the standard deviation allows educators, researchers, and policymakers to interpret the significance of scores relative to the average and to identify potential outliers or exceptional performances.