What is the main distinction between formative and summative assessment?

• A. Formative assessment is used at the end of a term, while summative is ongoing
• B. Formative assessments collect feedback during learning, while summative assessments evaluate outcomes after instruction
• C. Summative assessments are typically longer in length than formative assessments
• D. Summative assessments are primarily qualitative, while formative assessments are quantitative

Answer: (B)

The main distinction highlighted in the correct choice focuses on the timing and purpose of the assessments. Formative assessment is designed to be an ongoing process that occurs during the instructional period. Its primary goal is to gather feedback that can be used to enhance both teaching and learning. By assessing students' understanding and skills in real-time, educators can make immediate adjustments to their instructional strategies to better meet the needs of their students.

In contrast, summative assessment is conducted after a particular instructional period to evaluate and measure the overall outcomes and effectiveness of the instructional activities. This type of assessment typically occurs at the end of a unit, course, or academic term, serving as a final judgment on student learning, usually reflected in grades.

This clear distinction in timing and purpose between formative and summative assessments underscores their roles in the educational process, making it critical for educators to understand and effectively implement both types to support student growth and achievement.