What does the term "item analysis" refer to in test development?

• A. The process of creating new test items
• B. The examination of how well each item performs in the assessment
• C. The feedback collection from test-takers
• D. The ranking of test-takers based on scores

Answer: (B)

The term "item analysis" specifically refers to the examination of how well each item performs in the assessment. This involves evaluating various aspects of test items, such as their difficulty level, discrimination index, and overall effectiveness in measuring what they are intended to assess. By conducting an item analysis, educators and test developers can identify which items are functioning well and which may need revision or replacement. This process ensures that the assessment is both valid and reliable, providing meaningful results that can guide instructional decisions and improve future testing.