What does a standardized norm-referenced test report typically include?

• A. Visual graphs of test content
• B. Raw scores and percentile ranks
• C. Only the overall class average
• D. A discussion on test preparation methods

Answer: (B)

A standardized norm-referenced test report typically includes raw scores and percentile ranks because these elements provide a clear representation of a student's performance in relation to a defined population.

Raw scores indicate the total number of correct answers a student has achieved on the test. This score serves as the foundational data point from which additional analyses can be made. Percentile ranks, on the other hand, contextualize the raw scores by providing information about how a student's performance compares to that of peers in the same age group or grade level. For instance, a percentile rank of 75 means that the student scored better than 75% of test-takers in that reference group, allowing educators and parents to understand relative standing.

Including only overall class averages would lack specific information about individual performance, depriving educators of insights into how each student is doing compared to the norm. Visual graphs of test content would provide a visual representation of test elements but would not help in understanding individual achievements in a meaningful way. Discussions on test preparation methods may be informative but fall outside the diagnostic intent of the report itself, which focuses on quantifiable student performance. Thus, the inclusion of both raw scores and percentile ranks provides valuable information crucial for assessing student learning and informing instructional decisions.