What are the two primary types of scoring methods in standardized testing?

• A. Norm-referenced scoring and criterion-referenced scoring
• B. Qualitative scoring and quantitative scoring
• C. Peer-scored and self-scored methods
• D. Subjective and objective scoring

Answer: (A)

The identification of norm-referenced scoring and criterion-referenced scoring as the two primary types of scoring methods in standardized testing is accurate and well-founded. Norm-referenced scoring involves comparing an individual’s score to the scores of a group, often using percentiles or standard deviations to indicate where a person stands relative to their peers. This type of scoring helps to understand how a test-taker performs in relation to others, which can be valuable for educational placement or identifying relative strengths and weaknesses in knowledge or skills.

Criterion-referenced scoring, on the other hand, measures an individual's performance against a set of predefined criteria or learning standards, rather than comparing it to other individuals. This method provides information about what a test-taker knows or can do in relation to a specific objective or standard, allowing teachers and administrators to assess whether students have achieved certain competencies.

Together, these two scoring methods provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating test performance, allowing educators to gauge both individual achievement and comparative performance.