What are operational definitions in standardized testing?

• A. Abstract criteria that define success in measurement.
• B. Instructions specifying who performs the test, how it is performed, where, when, and how it is scored.
• C. High-level guidelines for theoretical testing strategies.
• D. Generalizations on patient conduct during tests.

Answer: (B)

Operational definitions in standardized testing refer specifically to the detailed instructions that outline how a test is to be executed. This includes specifying who will administer the test, the actual procedure for conducting the test, the context in which it will be carried out (the environment), the timing of the test, and the methods for scoring the results. This level of detail is crucial because it ensures that tests can be replicated and that the results are consistent and reliable across different administrations.

When operational definitions are clear and precise, they help reduce variability in how tests are conducted, which could lead to discrepancies in the outcomes. This consistency is vital for maintaining the validity and reliability of the measurement, allowing comparisons and interpretations of results to be made accurately. Hence, option B accurately captures the essence of operational definitions by detailing the parameters that govern the testing process.